Description: Toxicology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of poisoning and toxic reactions to chemical substances, drugs and environmental toxins. Indications: Acute poisoning (e.g. by medication, chemicals, drugs) Chronic toxin exposure (e.g. heavy metals, pesticides) Reactions to poisonous plants and animals Overdoses Procedure: Diagnosis: medical history, clinical examination, specific blood and urine tests, toxicological analyses.…
Description: Rheumatology treats autoimmune and inflammatory diseases of the joints and connective tissue, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Ankylosing spondylitis (Bechterew’s disease) Psoriatic arthritis Procedure: Diagnosis: blood tests (rheumatoid factors, antibodies), imaging procedures (X-rays, MRI), joint examinations. Therapy: Drug treatment (NSAIDs, DMARDs, biologics), physiotherapy, occupational therapy, in…
Description: Pulmonology deals with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract, such as asthma, COPD and pneumonia. Indications: Bronchial asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs) Pulmonary fibrosis Procedure: Diagnosis: Pulmonary function tests, X-rays, CT scans, bronchoscopy, blood gas analysis. Therapy: Drug treatment (inhalers, corticosteroids, antibiotics), oxygen therapy, respiratory physiotherapy, surgical…
Description: Oncology is the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The most common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Indications: Solid tumors (e.g. breast cancer, lung cancer) Blood cancer (leukemia) Lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas) Metastatic cancer Procedure: Diagnosis: biopsies, imaging (CT, MRI, PET scan), blood tests. Therapy: chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, surgical tumor…
Description: Nephrology deals with kidney diseases. Common treatments include chronic renal failure, kidney stones and high blood pressure. Indications: Chronic renal failure Kidney stones Glomerulonephritis High blood pressure Procedure: Diagnosis: blood and urine tests, ultrasound, kidney biopsies. Therapy: Drug treatment, dialysis, kidney transplants. Advantages: Improvement of kidney function Control of kidney disease Prevention of complications
Description: Cardiology deals with diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The most common treatments include the diagnosis and therapy of heart attacks, heart failure, arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. Indications: Coronary heart disease (CHD) heart attack Heart failure Cardiac arrhythmias Procedure: Diagnosis: ECG, echocardiography, stress tests, cardiac catheterization. Therapy: Drug treatment, angioplasty, stent implantation,…
Description: Infectiology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Indications: Bacterial infections (e.g. tuberculosis) Viral infections (e.g. HIV/AIDS, hepatitis) Fungal infections (e.g. candidiasis) Parasitic infections (e.g. malaria) Procedure: Diagnosis: blood tests, cultures, molecular tests, imaging. Therapy: antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungals, antiparasitic agents. Advantages: Effective treatment of…
Description: Hepatology deals with diseases of the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts. Important diseases are hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Indications: Hepatitis (viral, alcoholic, autoimmune) Liver cirrhosis Liver cancer Gallstones Procedure: Diagnosis: liver function tests, ultrasound, CT and MRI scans, liver biopsy. Therapy: Drug treatment, antiviral therapy, liver transplantation. Advantages: Improvement of liver function…
Description: Hematology deals with blood diseases such as anemia, leukemia, lymphomas and coagulation disorders. Indications: Anemia (iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency) Leukemia Lymphomas hemophilia Procedure: Diagnosis: blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, imaging. Therapy: Drug treatment, chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation. Advantages: Specific treatment of blood diseases Improvement of blood values and symptoms Long-term control of the…
Description: Geriatrics specializes in the medical care of older people. It deals with age-related diseases and their complex interactions. Indications: Multimorbidity (multiple simultaneous diseases) dementia Danger of falling frailty Procedure: Diagnosis: Holistic assessment of physical and mental health, including blood tests and imaging. Therapy: Multidisciplinary approaches, drug treatment, physiotherapy, occupational therapy. Advantages: Holistic care Improving…
Description: Gastroenterology deals with diseases of the digestive system, including the esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Indications: Reflux disease (GERD) Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis) Liver diseases (hepatitis, cirrhosis) Procedure: Diagnosis: endoscopy, colonoscopy, ultrasound, liver function tests. Therapy: Drug treatment, endoscopic procedures, surgical resections. Advantages: Relief…
Description: Endocrinology deals with hormone disorders such as thyroid disorders, adrenal gland disorders and hormonal imbalances. Indications: Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism Diabetes mellitus Hormonal disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) osteoporosis Procedure: Diagnosis: Blood tests to determine hormone levels, ultrasound, MRI, CT scans. Therapy: Drug treatment (hormone replacement therapy), surgical interventions for tumors or malformations.…
Description: Diabetology specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus. This includes type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Indications: Type 1 diabetes Type 2 diabetes Gestational diabetes Prediabetes Procedure: Diagnosis: Blood sugar tests (fasting, HbA1c), glucose tolerance test. Therapy: lifestyle changes (diet, exercise), oral antidiabetics, insulin therapy, continuous blood glucose monitoring.…
Description: Angiology deals with diseases of the blood and lymph vessels. Important diseases are arterial occlusive diseases, venous diseases and lymphedema. Indications: arteriosclerosis Venous thrombosis Varicose veins Lymphedema Procedure: Diagnosis: Doppler ultrasound, angiography, MRI angiography, blood tests. Therapy: Drug treatment, compression therapy, minimally invasive procedures (e.g. balloon dilatation, stenting), surgical procedures (e.g. bypass surgery). Advantages:…
Description: Allergology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of allergies and hypersensitivity reactions. These include allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergies and skin rashes. Indications: Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) asthma Food allergies Urticaria (hives) Procedure: Diagnosis: skin tests (prick tests), blood tests (IgE antibodies), provocation tests. Therapy: Avoidance of allergens, drug therapy (antihistamines, corticosteroids), specific immunotherapy…
Internal Medicine Internal medicine is a broad medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organs. It includes a variety of sub-disciplines such as cardiology, gastroenterology, endocrinology, nephrology and many more. In the context of health tourism, internal medicine provides high-quality medical care to international patients seeking specialized…
