Description:

Gynecological endoscopy includes minimally invasive procedures such as laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, which are used for diagnosing and treating various gynecological conditions. These procedures allow doctors to visually examine the inside of the female reproductive system and perform necessary treatments without requiring a large abdominal incision. Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy offer less postoperative pain, shorter recovery times, and lower risks compared to open surgical procedures.

Indications:

  • Laparoscopy: This technique is used to diagnose and treat pelvic conditions such as endometriosis, ovarian cysts, fibroids, ectopic pregnancies, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. It also allows for performing sterilization procedures and removing adhesions.
  • Hysteroscopy: This method is used to examine and treat problems inside the uterus, such as abnormal bleeding, polyps, fibroids, septa (dividing walls), and adhesions. It can also be used to take tissue samples (biopsy).

Procedure:

  1. Laparoscopy:
    • Preparation: Before laparoscopy, the patient is prepared for the procedure, including general anesthesia. A small incision is made near the navel, and carbon dioxide gas is introduced into the abdomen to inflate it and provide a better view of the pelvic organs.
    • Procedure: A laparoscope, a thin, lighted tube with a camera, is inserted through the incision. Additional small incisions may be made to insert surgical instruments. The surgeon uses the laparoscope to view the internal organs and perform necessary treatments, such as removing cysts or fibroids, treating endometriosis, or cutting adhesions.
    • Duration: The duration of laparoscopy depends on the type of procedure being performed but typically ranges from 30 minutes to 2 hours.
  2. Hysteroscopy:
    • Preparation: Hysteroscopy can be performed under local anesthesia, sedation, or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the procedure and the patient’s preferences.
    • Procedure: A hysteroscope, a thin, lighted instrument, is inserted through the vagina and cervix into the uterus. The uterus is filled with a sterile liquid or gas to improve visibility. The doctor can remove polyps or fibroids, resect septa, or perform a biopsy.
    • Duration: Hysteroscopy usually takes about 10 to 30 minutes, depending on the diagnosis and treatments performed.
  3. Aftercare: After both procedures, patients are usually monitored until they are awake and stable. Pain relievers may be prescribed to alleviate postoperative discomfort. Most patients can return to normal activities within a few days but should avoid strenuous physical activity until fully recovered. Regular follow-up visits are important to monitor the healing process and ensure no complications arise.

Benefits:

  • Minimally Invasive: Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are less invasive than open surgeries, resulting in smaller scars, less pain, and faster recovery.
  • Precise Diagnosis and Treatment: These procedures allow for accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of gynecological conditions.
  • Reduced Infection Risk: Since the incisions are smaller and exposure of internal organs is minimal, the risk of infection is lower.
  • Shorter Hospital Stays: Most patients can go home the same day or within a few days after the procedure, reducing the need for prolonged hospital stays.
  • Uterus Preservation: Unlike radical surgical procedures that remove the uterus, these techniques allow for the treatment of conditions while preserving the uterus.