Description:
Urogynecological surgery is a specialized field of medicine focused on diagnosing and surgically treating disorders and dysfunctions of the female pelvic floor. This type of surgery addresses issues such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse (prolapse of the bladder, uterus, or rectum), bladder dysfunction, and other related conditions. Urogynecological surgeons use a variety of surgical techniques to restore normal pelvic floor function and improve the quality of life for patients.
Indications:
- Urinary incontinence, including stress incontinence (involuntary urine loss during physical activity) and urge incontinence (strong, sudden urge to urinate)
- Pelvic organ prolapse, where organs such as the bladder, bowel, or uterus descend or protrude through the pelvic floor muscles
- Bladder emptying disorders, such as incomplete emptying or overactivity of the bladder
- Chronic pelvic pain caused by pelvic floor dysfunction
- Genital fistulas, abnormal connections between the bladder and vagina or between the rectum and vagina
Procedure:
- Diagnosis and Preparation: The patient undergoes a thorough examination, including a detailed medical history, physical exams, and possibly imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for selecting the appropriate surgical procedure.
- Surgical Techniques: Depending on the type and severity of the condition, various surgical techniques may be employed:
- Sling Procedures: This method is commonly used to treat stress incontinence and involves placing a tape or mesh under the urethra to support it and prevent involuntary urine loss.
- Sacrocolpopexy: A surgical procedure to treat pelvic organ prolapse, in which the uterus or vagina is attached to the sacrum using mesh to restore normal anatomy and function.
- Colporrhaphy: A surgical repair of the anterior or posterior vaginal wall to correct a prolapse of the bladder or rectum. This operation tightens and strengthens the vaginal walls.
- Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery: Minimally invasive techniques that involve smaller incisions and shorter recovery times are commonly used in urogynecological surgery.
- Vaginal Mesh Surgery: The use of synthetic mesh to support the weakened pelvic floor in cases of severe prolapse. However, this technique is carefully considered due to potential complications.
- Aftercare: After surgery, the patient receives recovery instructions, including physical rest, avoiding heavy lifting, and special exercises to strengthen the pelvic floor. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor the healing process and detect any complications early.
Benefits:
- Restoration of normal pelvic floor function and relief from symptoms such as urinary incontinence and prolapse
- Improved quality of life by reducing pain and discomfort
- Minimization of complications and recurrences through specialized surgical techniques
- Shorter recovery times and less postoperative pain with minimally invasive procedures
- Support for long-term health and function of the pelvic floor